Thursday, March 19, 2009

St. Peter's Basilica

St. Peter's!
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While walking through St. Peter's Square and then through St. Peter's Basilica, it is safe to say that I have never felt so small in my life. Prior to this current basilica, the old Constantinian Basilica existed here. Pope Julius II decides to build a new St. Peter's in AD 1506. Bramante is the first architect. He designed the Tempietto in Rome and it is believed to have been the model of how he saw St. Peter's. His plan was that of a Greek cross. After his death, three others were signed on as architect's: Raphael, Baldasari Peruzzi, and San Gallo the Elder. The plan then changed to that of a Latin cross. All but Peruzzi died not long after their commission. After the Sack of Rome in 1527, San Gallo the Younger was commissioned to work on the basilica. Michelangelo is given the final commission and he designs the dome. He dies before its completion and it is ultimately built by Giacomo della Porta, who makes it an elliptical dome. Today, it is not believed to be the original design. Carlo Maderno ultimately extends the nave of St. Peter's to its current length and builds the new facade, as well as adding three chapels, including the one that holds Michelangelo's Pieta. St. Peter's is finally completed in 1606, 100 years after it was started. Internally, Bernini sculpted many of the church's embellishments, including the Baldacchino, the tomb of Pope Alexander VII, and two of the four sculptures in the four main piers: St. Andrew and Longinus. Bernini also designed the colonnades in St. Peter's Square. It is amazing to learn how so many architect's and sculptor's were a part of this cathedral's grandeur and beauty.
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Michelangelo's Pieta

Bernini's Baldacchino

Michelangelo's dome

the nave

Bernini's colonnade